DNA技术中的设计进展

20世纪后半叶，随着蛋白质与核酸测序技术的问世，人类所掌握的生物大分子结构与功能的信息量暴涨，并逐渐进入了理性设计序列，以达到建构生物大分子功能性三级结构的自由王国。随着21世纪的到来，得益于多学科交叉集成，DNA技术中的创新性设计智慧此起彼伏。人类成功重装了低等生命的基因组，设计基因组底盘、构建人工进化平台，推出CRISPR基因编辑术，发明DNA折纸术，精确自组装纳米级三维DNA材料。另外，可将设计学的立体构成原理与基于用户体验的设计方法应用于生物信息学数据库建设。
From the second half of the 20th century, the invention of the protein and nucleic acid sequence detection technologies has induced an information explosion of the structure and function of biological macromolecules and the rational design of macromolecular sequence. Consequentially, an empire has been built to construct the functional tertiary structure of bio-macromolecules. In the 21st century, the innovative design wisdom in DNA technology began to spring up benefited from the interdisciplinary integration. The genome of a simple life such as virus and mycoplasma has been successfully recombined. Genome chassis has been designed with the construction of artificial evolution platform. A novel gene editing technique, named CRISPR, has been used as a powerful tool for genomic rectification. The technique of DNA origami improved the precise self-assembly of 3D DNA nano-materials. Moreover, the 3D bioinformatics database system can be constructed using the principle of stereoscopic constitution combined with the design method based on user experience