猴头菌细胞壁多糖的提取和其结构特征

以猴头菌子实体残渣为试验材料，研究了残渣粉粹时间及提取用溶剂对其细胞壁多糖提取得率和结构特征的影响。研究发现粉碎时间延长可增加水溶性细胞壁多糖的得率，但多糖含量会降低，粉粹时间对水溶性细胞壁多糖的绝对重均分子质量分布及单糖组成影响较大，最佳粉碎时间为15 min。NaOH浓度的增加可提高碱溶性细胞壁多糖的得率和含量，但免疫活性降低，最适的NaOH浓度为0.5 mol/L。粉碎水提、碱提两种方式得到的细胞壁多糖均能够显著刺激小鼠巨噬细胞释放NO，具有较好的体外免疫活性；比较水溶性细胞壁多糖与碱溶性细胞壁多糖的结构差异，发现水溶性细胞壁多糖绝对重均分子质量远大于碱溶性细胞壁多糖。碱溶性细胞壁多糖只含有葡萄糖，而水溶性细胞壁多糖还含有一定量的半乳糖，且葡萄糖与半乳糖之间的摩尔比值约为4∶1。优选获得了猴头菌细胞壁多糖的高效制备方法，明确了猴头菌水溶性与碱溶性细胞壁多糖结构特征间的差异。
Effects of pulverizing time and extraction solvents on yields and structural characteristics of cell wall polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus residue were studied. Results showed that the yields of water-soluble cell wall polysaccharides increased but the polysaccharide contents decreased with the prolonged pulverizing time. The pulverizing time also had significant effects on the molecular distribution pattern and the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides，and the optimal time was 15 min. The increase of NaOH concentration raised the yields and contents but reduced the immune activities of alkali-soluble cell wall polysaccharides，and the optimal NaOH concentration was 0.5 mol/L. Both water- and alkaline-soluble polysaccharides significantly stimulated murine macrophages to release NO，indicating a potent immune activity in vitro. But the molecular weights of water-soluble cell wall polysaccharides were much larger than those of alkali-soluble ones. The later contained glucose only，while the former also contained a certain amount of galactose and the ratio of glucose to galactose was approximately 4∶1. This study established a method to obtain cell wall polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus，and elucidated the structural difference between water- and alkali-soluble cell wall polysaccharides