压气机失速时转子前三维流动结构的实验研究

在一台低速轴流压气机实验台上测量压气机失速时转子前三维流场，测量范围从转子向前延伸到8倍弦长（或0.6倍机匣内径）上游，目的是考察整个失速流场结构，为研究失速团的保持和旋转机理提供丰富的数据支持.通过对壁面动态压力信号分析可知，该压气机失速过程中存在一个失速团，转速为转子转速的37.7%.使用新研制的全流向旋转五孔压力探针测量整个转子前三维速度场和压力场.从结果的S1流面内看，失速团内流动大体上分为正流区、偏转区、回流区和强剪切区.转子前缘附近的流体在30%叶高以上存在回流，并且存在较大的径向和周向旋转速度，其中叶尖附近失速团内流体的周向旋转速度明显大于前方来流速度.在靠近机匣壁面处，回流区一直延伸到转子上游的5.5倍弦长（或40%机匣内径）处.
An experiment about the before-rotor three-dimensional post-stall flow field was carried out on a low-speed axial compressor, the measurement extended to 8 times of chord length (or 60 percent of the casing diameter) in axial from before rotor, to obtain the whole flow field structure and supply abundant data for the study of the flow mechanism of stall cell. The original wall pressure signal is analyzed, from which the conclusion is drawn that the compressor is “abrupt stall”, there is only one stall cell during the stall process, of which the propagation speed is 37.7 percent of the rotor’s. Then the rotating five-hole pressure probe is used to measure the three-dimensional post-stall flow field, in the S1 stream plane the flow field can be divided into four zone partition, namely, primary flow zone, deflection zone, recirculation zone and strong shear zone. Near the rotor leading edge, recirculation grows at 30 percent of blade height with a high circumferential and radial rotating speed. Rotating speed in circumferential of the tip recirculation zone is obviously higher than the inflow velocity, owing to the rotor working. In the nearcase zone, recirculation extends to 5.5 times of chord length (or 40% percent of the casing diameter) in axial.