世界商船队船舶动力参数特征分析

对世界商船队船型、船龄和吨级构成特征进行统计分析，确定了散货船、油/化学品船、集装箱船、杂货船、液化气船和滚装(客)船6种主要类型运输船舶为研究对象.根据各主要类型运输船舶船龄和吨级的数量占比，基于Clarksons船舶数据库进行随机抽样，确定了主机标定功率、副机标定功率和船舶设计航速与船舶总吨之间的拟合关系.结果表明，选用四冲程柴油机、二冲程柴油机和蒸汽轮机作为主机的船舶数量占比分别为27.6%、72.0%和0.4%；各类型船舶配置的主机平均数量为1.01～1.82台，副机平均数量为2.66～3.52台，副机与主机标定功率之比的平均值为0.19～0.35；船舶动力参数与船舶总吨之间的对应关系可采用幂函数或线性函数表达；除集装箱船外，近30年来，船舶动力参数与船舶总吨之间的拟合关系未发生明显变化.
By analyzing statistically the composition of the world merchant fleet in terms of ship type, age and tonnage, six major types of ships, including bulk carriers, oil/chemical tankers, container ships, general cargo ships, liquefied gas carriers and ro-ro/passenger ships were selected as research objective. According to the proportions of numbers in terms of age and tonnage, the relationships of main engine nominal power, auxiliary engine nominal power and ship design speed against gross tonnage were determined based on random sampling of Clarksons’ fleet database. Results show that the percentage of the ships which utilize four-stroke diesel engine, two-stroke diesel engine and steam turbine as main engine is respectively 27.6%, 72.0% and 0.4%, the average numbers of main engines and auxiliary engines installed onboard on each major types of ships are respectively 1.01~1.82 and 2.66~3.52, the average value of auxiliary engine nominal power to main engine nominal power are 0.19~0.35 for different types of ships, the relationships of ship power parameters and gross tonnage can be expressed as power function or linear function, and the fitting relationship do not change significantly in the past three decades except container ships. The proposed fitting formulae for ship power parameters could provide a reference for estimation of ship emissions and related research.