宁波社区2型糖尿病患者发生糖尿病肾病危险因素调查

目的: 调查宁波市鄞州区2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病的发生率，并分析2型糖尿病患者发生糖尿病肾病的危险因素。方法: 收集浙江省宁波市鄞州区所有在册管理且开展过糖尿病肾病筛查的2型糖尿病患者的人口学、临床检测信息、糖尿病合并症和行为危险因素等信息，利用logistic回归分析筛选糖尿病肾病发生的危险因素。结果: 本研究共纳入糖尿病患者10 604例，其中发生糖尿病肾病3744例（35.31%）。单因素分析结果显示，糖尿病肾病发生的风险可能与患者的性别、年龄、文化程度、糖尿病病程、血糖控制情况、是否合并高血压、是否合并脑卒中、是否吸烟和腰围等因素相关（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，男性、高龄、糖尿病病程长、合并高血压、吸烟等因素可能是糖尿病肾病发生的危险因素（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。结论: 宁波市鄞州区2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病的发生率较高。男性、高龄、吸烟、糖尿病病程长、合并高血压可能会增加糖尿病患者发生糖尿病肾病的风险。
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic nephropathy in Ningbo Yinzhou district. Methods: Nephropathy screening was conducted among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) registered in Ningbo Yinzhou district. Demographic information, clinical examination information, diabetes complications and behavioral risk factors of enrolled patients were collected. Logistic regression model was used to identify possible risk factors for the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy. Results: Among 10 604 T2DM patients included in this study, there were 3744 cases of diabetic nephropathy(35.31%). Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, education level, diabetes duration, glycemic control, hypertension, stroke, smoking and waist circumference were associated with diabetic nephropathy (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male, elders, long diabetes duration, hypertension and smoking were independent risk factors of diabetic nephropathy (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusions: Diabetic nephropathy is of high prevalence in T2DM patients. Male patients, elders, and those with long diabetes duration, hypertension and smoking habits are more likely to have diabetic nephropathy. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2/complications Diabetic nephropathies/etiology Risk factors Logistic models Odds ratio Blood pressure Smoking