宁波市儿童家长抗菌药物知识、使用行为及其影响因素分析

目的: 了解浙江省宁波市城乡儿童家长对抗菌药物合理使用知识的掌握情况和抗菌药物使用行为，并探讨其主要的影响因素。方法: 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，在浙江省宁波市鄞州区和北仑区各随机抽取一所幼儿园和一所小学，采用自制问卷对样本学校2~14岁儿童的家长进行调查，调查内容包括抗菌药物合理使用知识、家中储备抗菌药物行为以及自行对儿童使用抗菌药物治疗的行为。结果: 在调查的2806名家长中，36.6%（1028/2806）的家长抗菌药物合理使用知识得分较低；调查前一个月内，56.6%（556/983）的家长自行对孩子进行过治疗，其中20.3%（113/556）的家长在治疗中给孩子使用了抗菌药物；调查前一年内，48.5%（1361/2806）的家长在家中储备有孩子使用的抗菌药物。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，母亲、居住在城市、拥有较高的教育程度、较高的家庭收入、有医学背景、孩子是男孩以及孩子年龄较小的家长抗菌药物合理使用知识得分较高（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）；居住在城市、教育程度高、有医学背景的家长更倾向于在家中储备抗菌药物（均P < 0.01）；居住在城市和家中储备抗菌药物是家长自行给儿童使用抗菌药物治疗的危险因素（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。结论: 宁波市部分儿童家长儿童抗菌药物合理使用知识欠缺，给儿童治疗时自行使用抗菌药物、家中储备儿童用抗菌药物的比例较高。建议有针对性地对家长开展健康教育，减少家庭抗菌药物储备，促进抗菌药物的合理使用。
Abstract: Objective: To survey the knowledge and behaviors of antibiotic use for children among parents in Ningbo and to explore the influencing factors. Methods: One kindergarten and one primary school were randomly selected in Yinzhou and Beilun District of Ningbo using stratified random cluster sampling method, respectively. A survey on the knowledge and behaviors of antibiotics use for children was conducted with a self-designed questionnaire among parents of children aged 2 to 14 years in the sampled kindergarten and school. Results: The scores of antibiotic use knowledge were 0-4 in 36.6%(1028/2806) of parents. In the past month, 56.6%(556/983) of parents self-medicated their children, including 20.3%(113/556) medicated with antibiotics. In the past year, 48.5%(1361/2806) of parents stored antibiotics for children at home. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mother, and parents with city residence, higher education level, higher household income, medical background, male children and younger children had higher antibiotic use knowledge scores(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); parents with city residence, higher education level and medical background were more likely to store antibiotics at home (all P < 0.01); parents with city residence and those store antibiotics at home were more likely to self-medicate their children with antibiotics (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusions: Poor knowledge and massive antibiotic missuse for children among parents are of great concern in Ningbo. Tailored health education programs are needed to improve the knowledge and behaviors of rational antibiotic use among parents and reduce storage of antibiotics at home. Key words: Sampling studies Anti-bacterial agents/therapeutic use Cognition Drug utilization Family Child Questionnaires