秀丽隐杆线虫嗅觉适应性的分子细胞生物学机制

嗅觉适应是动物的一项重要生理功能，可以保护自身细胞免受过度刺激，进而更好地应对周围环境变化。目前发现秀丽隐杆线虫嗅觉适应性主要与嗅觉神经元胞内信号分子和感受蛋白有关，如AWC神经元区域特异性环鸟苷酸（cGMP）反应、瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型（TRPV）离子通道蛋白OSM-9、细胞质基质抑制蛋白ARR-1和G蛋白信号通路中的甘油二酯（DAG）通路等均可以调控嗅觉适应，而神经环路方面的嗅觉适应性研究甚少。本文总结回顾了线虫嗅觉适应有关的分子细胞生物学机制，以期为高等生物嗅觉的研究提供参考。
Abstract: Olfactory adaptation is an important physiological function of animals, which can protect their own neurons from overstimulation, and be better to deal with all kinds of stimuli in the surrounding environment. In this article, we discuss the neuronal basis of olfactory adaptation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Up to now, several intracellular regulatory factors have been discovered to be associated with olfactory adaptation in Caenorhabditis elegans, including cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling in the olfactory neurons AWC, OSM-9 in transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel, arrestin ARR-1, diglyceride (DAG) pathway in G protein signaling pathways, etc. However, the neural circuits of the olfactory adaptation remains largely unknown. This paper reviews molecular and cell biological mechanism of olfactory adaptation in Caenorhabditis elegans, so as to provide reference for studies on olfactory sensation in advanced animals. Key words: Caenorhabditis elegans Smell Molecular biology Neurons Review