生物炭对土体物理化学性质影响的研究进展

研究表明，生物炭在土体改良、污染土修复和碳封存等方面具有广泛前景.回顾了近些年国内外生物炭对土体性质改良的相关研究，系统分析和总结了生物炭的基本性质、对土体物理化学性质的影响及影响改良效果的主要因素，可得如下结论.1）生物炭一般具有低密度、高比表面积、高pH、高CEC、高稳定性等特点，但这些性质会随着生物质来源和制备条件的不同而存在差异，影响改良效果；2）生物炭加入土体中，可以改变土体的物理性质，如土体密度、孔隙结构、孔径分布、持水性和力学性质，进而影响土体硬度、持水能力和团聚体稳定性等；3）生物炭加入土体后会影响土体的化学性质，如土体酸碱性、阳离子交换量、离子交换位点、负电荷浓度，进而影响土体固化、污染物修复效果及土体可利用性等；4）生物炭对土体的改良效果易受土体类型、生物炭添加量及粒径等的影响.
Abstract: It was found that biochar can effectively change the properties of soil, therefore presenting great potential in soil improvement, waste management and carbon storage. The related research on biochar subjected to the effects of biochar on physical and chemical properties of soils and its influencing factors in recent years was reviewed. The following conclusions can be made. 1) Biochar usually has low density, high specific surface area, high pH, high CEC, high stability, etc., and these properties vary with the biomass sources and preparation conditions, thereby affecting the modification effect. 2) The physical properties of soil changed after adding biochar in the soil, such as soil bulk density, pore structure, pore size distribution, water holding capacity and mechanical properties, thereby affecting the soil hardness, water holding effect and aggregate stability. 3) Adding biochar soil will affect the chemical properties of soil, such as soil pH, cation exchange capacity, ion exchange sites, negative charge concentration, thereby affecting the soil hardening, soil remediation effect of pollutants and availability. 4) Effects of biochar amendment on soil were affected by soil types, biochar addition and grain size.