侧流式消能井横轴漩涡气柱水力特性试验研究

采用物理模型试验分析侧流式消能井中横轴漩涡气柱的形成与消散特性.通过试验获得横轴漩涡的水力特性，得到不同流量、水位和溢流宽度情况下的横轴漩涡历时概率分布，通过无量纲法分析横轴漩涡的形成与消散规律.结果表明，当输水流量低于稳定流量时，漩涡气柱历时概率随输水流量增大而增大；当输水流量高于稳定流量时，横轴漩涡历时概率随输水流量增大而减小.当淹没水深低于稳定水深时，漩涡气柱历时概率随水深增加大增大；当淹没水深高于稳定水深时，横轴漩涡历时概率随水深增加而减小.横轴漩涡历时概率随溢流宽度的增大而增加.通过合理设置淹没水深和溢流宽度可防止横轴漩涡气柱的产生，改善侧流式消能井的水流流态，提高输水系统的运行效率.
Abstract: A physical model test was conducted to analyze the formation and dissipation mechanism of horizontal vortex column in side-flow energy dissipation well. The basic hydraulic characteristics of the horizontal vortex column were tested and the duration probabilities were obtained for different discharges, submerged depths and overflow widths. The non-dimensional method was used to analyze the formation and dissipation mechanism of the horizontal vortex column. Results showed that the duration probability of the vortex column increased with the supply discharge when the supply discharge was less than the stable discharge; the duration probability of the vortex column decreased with the discharge when the supply discharge was more than the stable discharge. The duration probability of the vortex column increased with the water depth when the submerged water depth was lower than the steady water depth; the duration probability of the vortex column decreased with the water depth when the submerged water depth was higher than the stable water depth. Moreover, the duration probability of the vortex column increased with the overflow width. The horizontal vortex column can be avoided, the water flow in the side-flow energy dissipation well can be improved, and the operation efficiency of the water supply system can be promoted by optimizing the submerged water depth and overflow width.