浙江丽水中华蜜蜂线粒体遗传多样性分析

为了解浙江省丽水市中华蜜蜂（中蜂）的遗传多样性及分类地位，基于mtDNA tRNAleu～COⅡ序列对丽水市9个区县共94个中蜂样本进行序列测定和相关分析。群体多样性分析显示：丽水市中蜂的平均核苷酸多样度（Pi）为0.003 52，平均单倍型多样度（Hd）为0.772±0.036，多样性较高；共发现20个单倍型，其中主体单倍型占总样本数的41.5%，与已报道的福建主体单倍型以及广州序列相同，支持丽水中蜂划为华南中蜂类型；丽水中蜂的第二大单倍型的分布频率与福建中蜂明显不同，同时首次报道2个新发现的单倍型，提示丽水中蜂有其独特的遗传背景。单倍型聚类分析显示，丽水中蜂的单倍型与地理分布有较大关系，说明丽水多山环境的地理隔离可能形成了地区间中蜂的分化。该研究为丽水中华蜜蜂的资源保护及开发利用提供了重要的理论依据。 通讯作者: 曹联飞(http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-8548) E-mail: beekeepingcao@163.com
Abstract: Apis cerana cerana is a native honeybee species in China, which is widely distributed in all parts of the country, especially in the hills and mountains of the South China. Apis mellifera was introduced into China in the end of the 19th century. With interspecific competition and destruction of ecological environment, the number of Apis cerana cerana colonies in China declined sharply. In 2006, Apis cerana cerana was among the List of the Genetic Resources of Livestock and Poultry under Protection in China. Located in the southwest of Zhejiang Province, China, Lishui City is a mountainous area and known as “the first ecological city in China” with the forest coverage rate of 80.8% and a variety of climate and vegetation. Lishui has a long history of raising Apis cerana cerana. In recent years, the number of Apis cerana cerana colonies in Lishui increased significantly. In order to understand the genetic diversity and taxonomic status of Apis cerana cerana in Lishui, the mitochondrial DNA tRNAleu-COⅡ sequences of 94 samples from each district and county of Lishui were determined and further analyzed in the study. It was shown that the nucleotide polymorphism (Pi) was 0.003 52 and the haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.772±0.036, which indicated that the genetic diversity of Apis cerana cerana in Lishui was high. Twenty haplotypes were found in 94 honeybee colonies. The main haplotype was found in 41.5% of the honeybee colonies and was identical to the main haplotype which was found in Apis cerana cerana in Fujian Province and also was identical to the sequence found in Guangzhou. Therefore, the results support Apis cerana cerana in Lishui belongs to the honeybee type of South China. However, the second most common haplotype in Lishui was different from that in Fujian Province. There were also two new haplotypes found in Lishui. The results indicated that Apis cerana cerana in Lishui had a unique genetic background. Furthermore, cluster analysis showed that the clusters of the haplotypes were closely associated with their geographical distribution, which indicated that different geographic Apis cerana cerana