不同投喂-停喂时间对大口黑鲈摄食、生长和废物排放的影响

在室内循环水水槽中进行8周实验以评价不同投喂-停喂时间对初始体质量为（14.4±0.3）g的大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）摄食、生长、食物利用、鱼体组成和氮、磷废物排放的影响。采用单因素实验设计，设3个处理：一组正常投喂（S0），另外2组分别投喂3 d停喂1 d（S1）或投喂7 d停喂1 d（S2）。结果表明：随投喂-停喂时间比例的减少，鱼摄食率、体质量增加、饲料系数均呈下降趋势，但处理组S0、S1和S2之间在氮和磷保留效率、肥满度、肝体比、全鱼蛋白质和脂肪含量、氮和磷废物排放量方面无显著差异；实验结束时，S0组最终体质量及体质量增加均显著高于S2组（P＜0.05），S2组显著高于S1组（P ＜ 0.05），投喂期间S1组和S2组的摄食率和特定生长率均低于同期S0组，但饲料系数和氮保留效率与S0组无显著差异。此外，S1和S2组在停喂后恢复投喂期间均表现出部分补偿生长，其机制是增加摄食。根据本实验结果，当在大口黑鲈池塘养殖中采用交替投喂和停喂策略时，合理的停喂-投喂时间应分别为13 d和1 d。 通讯作者: 王岩（http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2342-591X） E-mail: ywang@zju.edu.cn
Abstract: Compensatory growth is described as a phase of accelerated growth when the fish were under favorable circumstances after a period of growth depression, which was widely investigated in the past decades all around the world. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a carnivorous fish species of commercial importance to freshwater aquaculture industry, which is now widely cultured in Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. Researches about nutrition requirements have been established a lot in the past decades, however, quite rarely on compensatory growth and feeding regime of largemouth bass. In order to improve the feeding regime of largemouth bass, the research was conducted. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted in an indoor re-circulating system to examine the effect of different regimes of feeding and feed deprivation on feed intake, growth, feed utilization, body composition and waste output of juvenile largemouth bass. Three treatments were designed, in which one group was fed with a formulated feed twice daily (S0), one group was fed for 3 days and then deprived of feed for 1 day (S1), and one group was fed for 7 days and then deprived of feed for 1 day (S2). The results showed that the feed intake, body mass gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased with the increase of the days of feed deprivation. However, no significant difference was found in nitrogen retention efficiency, phosphorus retention efficiency, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, contents of protein and lipid in whole body, and waste output of nitrogen and phosphorus among the treatments. At the end of the feeding trial, final body mass and mass gain were higher in S0 than in S1, while they were higher in S2 than in S1. During feeding, both feed intake and specific growth rate were lower in S1 and S2 than in S0, while no significant difference was found in nitrogen retention efficency and feed convension ratio between S0 and S1 or S2. The above results indicated that largemouth bass exhibited partial growth compensation