认识的普遍性与阐释的公共性——从认识论到阐释学的思想史解构与重建

认识论、现代认识论与阐释学皆因人类为理解和解释现实世界而问世,在不同的社会环境下,诸种理论的兴衰表现出一种历史的必然性。20世纪以来,东欧卢卡奇、西欧哈贝马斯等人主张坚守理性原则,为阐释学的重构与复兴提供了理性之基和公共性维度。进入21世纪后,中国学者以历史唯物主义为基础,提出“公共阐释论”等构想,主张理性原则、共享性原则与知识性原则,以具体文本为意义对象,以社会生活历史实践为出发点和落脚点,为阐释学指明最终的合法性依据和合理价值所在。这种理论进化,是由认识的普遍性向阐释的公共性理论演进的现实体现,也是人类文明进步与文化发展的必经之路。
Abstract：Epistemology, modern epistemology and hermeneutics come out because of the human understanding and interpretation of the real world. Under different social environments, the rise and fall of various theories show a certain historical inevitability. Since the 20th century, Lukacs in Eastern Europe and Habermas in Western Europe have maintained their adherence to the principle of rationality and provided a rational and public dimension for the reconstruction and revival of hermeneutics. After entering the 21st century, based on historical materialism, Chinese scholars put forward the conceptions of “public interpretation theory”, advocating the principle of reason, the principle of sharing and the principle of knowledge, taking the concrete text as the object of significance and the historical practice of social life as the starting point and end result, for the hermeneutics to indicate the ultimate basis for the legitimacy and reasonable value. This kind of theoretical evolution is the embodiment of the evolution of the public theory of interpretation from the universality of cognition and the only way for the progress of human civilization and the development of culture.