农地承包经营权有偿退出的现实合理性及可行性分析——基于农业转型、新型城镇化和乡村治理视角的考察

农地承包经营权有偿退出机制的缺失在实践中引发了一系列矛盾和问题:形成农地经营权“流不动”的僵局,导致农业发展陷入“规模化但短期化、高成本”的假繁荣困境和兼业化、老龄化的“日韩陷阱”;助长“两栖占地”现象,固化城镇化的“不完全”、“不稳定”特征,影响城镇化速度和质量;产生大量新型“不在地主”,造成新的社会不公平现象,给基层民主治理带来较大挑战。因此,迫切要求构建农地承包经营权有偿退出的制度安排。农地承包经营权有偿退出也正在逐渐成为部分转移农户家庭的理性、主动选择,为改革的推进奠定了可行基础。但是,因为退出对转移农户家庭、地方政府财力以及农地再利用前景等都有较高要求,所以,农地承包经营权有偿退出的制度改革呈现渐进、有限的特征。该制度改革的目的并不在于替代“三权分置”,而是增强现有农地制度的包容性。
Abstract：Based on the investigation from agricultural transformation, new type urbanization and rural governance perspective, the lack of mechanism of abdication of rural land contract-management rights triggered a series of contradictions and problems. Thus, it is urgent to build the institutional arrangement of abdication of rural land contract-management rights. Moreover, some of the transferring rural households are willing to abdicate the rural land contract-management rights, which has laid a practical foundation for promoting this reform. However, because of the high standards, the reform of abdication of rural land contract-management rights will show gradual, limited characteristics. The propose of this reform is not to replace “tripartite entitlement policy,” but to enhance the comprehensiveness of the existing rural land system.