明诗话还原研究与近世诗学重构的新路径

反省“五四”以来的诗话研究模式,可认为主要是将诗话用作依照西方诗学原理构建中国诗学的材料,在引导中国诗学进入现代化的同时,不能说完全从诗话自身及其语境出发,文献整理与诗学研究常常是分开的作业,诗话亦未能“物尽其用”。故目前迫切的任务,恐怕还不仅在于进一步发掘相关文献、扩大史料范围,而更应该转换、更新研究范式。这种更新,首先应有意识强调一种还原研究,回到诗话生产、消费的时代,就文本制作、传播的各个环节,深入观照诗话所在话语系统生成、交换及改造的动态过程,把握从物质生产到意识形态生产的近世性特征。运用于近世诗学之重构,则将从原来的仅注重成一家之言的诗论及作者,转向关注诗话的生产主体与消费主体在同一场域的交互作用,庞大阅读市场中的读者一方不再受到忽视;由坊间主导“制作”,应对市场需求的大量诗格、诗法类著作,亦因而被纳入考察视野,可据以观测一般诗学知识与经验如何被定型、简化、传递。而这种一般知识与经验,作为一种基底,实与那种追求理论品格甚而精严体系的诗论互为语境。
Abstract：A critical reflection of the research of shihua (poetic criticism) since the May Fourth Period regards it as a westernized approach of constructing Chinese poetics. With this methodology, Chinese poetics went on the track of modernization. However, it partially ignored shihua itself and its contexts, separated the punctuation and edition of shihua from the corresponding studies, which failed to make the best use of shihua. Therefore, the current crucial task is to change and update the mentioned methodology rather than further seeking and expanding related materials. This renewal of shihua studies should firstly put a heavy emphasis on contextual study. It returns to the time when the texts of shihua were produced and consumed, deeply investigates the dynamic process of shihua discourses that generated, exchanged, and transformed in terms of shihua creation and circulation, and grasps the modernity from production to ideology. By applying this new model to the reconstruction of early modern poetics, researchers would shift away from merely focusing on individuals who established his/her own poetics and towards interactions in the same field between production and consumption of shihua. Also, readers who were in the markets for shihua would no longer be neglected, and the books of shige and shifa (rules and forms of poetic composition) that were dominated by bookstores and targeted at huge market demands would consequently come into the sight of researchers, who were able to examine how the general poetic knowledge and experience were set, simplified, and circulated. In fact, as a solid base, this general poetic knowledge and experience and the systematic poetics pursuing theoretical characters provide contexts for each other.