传播建构与现代新诗评估范式的重建

如何审视、评价现代新诗,既有的评估范式要么以新诗发展史为视野,考察诗人诗作对新诗自身发展的贡献;要么超越具体历史时空,纯粹以“诗美”为评说依据。本文认为,在尊重现有评估范式的同时,应重建一种新的评估范式,其特点是立足于现代新诗传播与建构事实,将评估落实在分析诗人诗作是否推进了中国社会新旧转型、是否推进了文化现代化建设、是否参与了现代诗学建构、是否有助于现代审美意识的培育和形成等问题上,也就是将现代新诗评估主要由诗学命题转换成为历史问题。近百年来现代新诗的传播语境、传播者、传播通道、传播对象等相当复杂,文化、审美的现代定位更是一个与多重因素纠缠在一起的问题,所以评估时必须注意问题的复杂性,认真辨析传播的有序与无序现象,弄清传播场域中诗性与非诗性力量,分析传播数据的可靠与不可靠以及功能指向等问题,切忌简单化、庸俗化。这一评估范式不仅有助于敞开原有评价范式所遮蔽的新诗发展的某些特点,而且对于当下有效处理诗歌传播与文化建设关系、有效解决新诗创作与现代审美理想培养问题,具有启示意义。
Abstract：The current evaluation paradigm either takes new poetry's development as the scope, examining the contribution of poet and poems to the new poetry, or makes criticism merely on poetical aesthetics independent of concrete background. This article argues that a new critical paradigm should be advocated, the one featured in the circulation of modern poetry and construction, and focused on the assessments like if the poets or works promoted the modern transition of society, if it involved in the cultural modernization, and if it contributed to the cultivation of modern aesthetics. The complexity of the problem that is entangled with multiple factors should be taken into consideration. This evaluation paradigm not only helps to open up some new features in the development of poetry that have been obscured by the former evaluation paradigm, but it also enlightens an effective approach of the relationship between poetical circulation and cultural construction.