论沂水纪王崮春秋时期莒国贵族墓随葬车马坑——兼谈嬴秦贵族墓随葬车马坑之东夷文化因素

不同文化的随葬车马不但体现着不同的生产力发展水平,还反映了文化内涵之差异。随葬车马也是古代墓葬制度的一个重要组成部分,是墓主人的身份等级、文化背景以及生活年代的标志,反映着时代性、地域性和民族性。山东沂水纪王崮遗址出土的春秋时期莒国贵族墓随葬车马坑在一定程度上揭示了当时以莒文化为代表的东夷文化之内涵。通过比较,春秋时期莒国贵族墓的随葬车马坑与该时期以洛阳王畿地区贵族墓随葬车马坑为代表的周人贵族墓随葬车马坑有很大的差异,揭示出其文化因素颇不相同。而与此相反,莒国贵族墓的随葬车马坑与嬴秦贵族墓以及殷商贵族墓随葬车马坑存在着明显的相似性,暗示出莒文化与秦文化及殷文化之间所存在的密切关系,反映出嬴秦文化与当时以莒文化为代表的东夷文化有着紧密的关联。春秋时期莒国作为东夷古国,其贵族墓与嬴秦贵族墓在随葬车马坑上的高度相似性不仅揭示出其文化因素上的密切关联,并且还暗示出两者在族属方面的共同因素,这恰好与地下出土的文字材料和传世历史文献里关于秦之先人被西迁、莒与秦皆为嬴姓、同属东夷的记载相一致,从而形成了传世历史文献与地下出土的文字材料记载相契合、与考古发掘资料相印证的多重证据,昭示着嬴秦源自东方,秦文化中有明显的东夷文化因素。
Abstract：The funerary chariot pits of different cultures not only reflect the different levels of productivity development but also reflect the differences in cultural connotations. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Ju State was a part of the ancient Dongyi, the high degree of similarity in funerary chariot pits between the tombs of the Ju nobles and the tombs of the Qin nobles reveals the close relationship between the cultural factors and the common factors in the ethnic group. The unearthed materials coincide with the handed down historical literatures on the westward migration of the Qin ancestors. It shows both of Ju and Qin were the same surname, and they were attached to the Dongyi. The historical literatures are consistent with the unearthed archaeological materials. It shows the Qin originated from the East and the Qin Culture had obvious factors of the Dongyi culture.