转型中国的社区治理:国家治理的基石

在中国,社区治理位于国家治理体系的末梢,是国家治理的基石,关乎国家治理能力与治理体系现代化的基层基础。国家力量、社会组织、市场力量与居民等多元主体都参与社区治理,形成社区治理的多元互动局面。国家力量是社区治理的主导性要素。社区治理是从单位中国到社区中国国家治理转型的缩影。社区中国的到来,要求国家治理的重心下沉到社区,转型中国的社区治理是国家治理与社会治理的缩小,国家治理与社会治理是社区治理的放大。社会组织参与社会治理达成社区治理专业化。企业依凭自身的专业技能、组织团队、参与式方法与创意,通过两类原理、三种要素、八大路径、四类机制参与社区治理,使中国的社区治理出现从依靠“居委会大妈”的个体经验治理向借助社会组织的专业化治理的方向转变。市场力量参与社区治理达成社区治理公益化。企业通过“进”城乡社区与“建”城乡社区的方式,将企业的各项资源投入社区,使资本在社区发生公益化“大转型”,在深度与广度上促使社区治理的提升。居民参与社区治理达成社区治理参与化。居民通过制度维度的“三驾马车”与空间维度的“楼组自治”,以居民公约为基础,借助议事会、评议会、听证会、协调会等制度载体,逐步完善社区治理体系。社区治理的三大取向使其最终向社区善治迈进。
Abstract：In China, community governance is one of the lowest ranked locations through the whole governance system, but the cornerstone of state governance and the foundation of governance capability and modernization. National power, social organization, marketing forces and resident groups all contribute to the pluralistic situation of the community governance. National power plays a leading role. Community governance is a miniature of state governance from Danwei China to Community China. Community China demands that the government should focus on communities in order to narrow the gap between state and society. To some extent, state governance is the amplificatory community governance. Social organizations participate in the community governance so that it becomes more and more professional. Enterprises also become one of them through their own professional skills, organization groups and creative ideas. Combining with two principles, three elements, eight ways and four mechanisms, the community governance in China began to change from individual experience which is dependent on social worker in communities to special governance on social organizations. Marketing forces contribute to the charity of community governance. By going into and building urban and rural communities, enterprises spread all their sources into communities, which makes a big difference and improve the quality of community governance both in depth and scope. Residents endeavor to complete the system of community governance through institution and action, which bases on “resident pact” such as council, senate, hearing and coordination meeting.All three steps make community governance better.