资本、战争与全球治理——从《共产党宣言》到《帝国主义论》及其他

在《共产党宣言》中,马克思恩格斯不仅明确揭示了资本在历史转向世界史的过程中所发挥的巨大促进作用,肯定了资本和资本主义在推进人类文明进程中的历史功绩,而且也指出了以输出战争和资本为主要手段的资本主义全球治理特征。实际上,资本主义发展到今天,这种全球治理思维在实质上并没有发生根本变化,反而是随着现代政党政治的发展加速了全球范围内资本主义的固有矛盾,其区别仅仅在于手段更加隐蔽和高科技化。由此导致了在西方资本主义国家,国家利益和大众利益必须服从于资本利益,这是资本主义之所以陷入巨大危机的根本所在。这个矛盾不解决,不能实现资本的“祛魅”和实现社会原则高于资本原则,资本主义的帝国主义本性也就难以根除。但归根结底,全球治理的最终目标和最大的善只能是构建人类命运共同体,人类社会发展的中心和落脚点也只能是人本身,任何对此原则的偏离都最终会被历史抛弃。
Abstract：In the Manifesto of the Communist Party, Marx and Engels not only clearly revealed the great role of capital in the process of turning history into a world history, affirmed the historical achievements of capital and capitalism in advancing the process of human civilization, but also pointed out the export of war and capital as the main means of capitalist global governance. In fact, in today's capitalism development, this kind of global governance thinking has not fundamentally changed. On the contrary, the development of modern political party politics accelerates the inherent contradictions of capitalism in a global scope. Thus, in Western capitalist countries, the national interests and the public interests must be subordinated to the capital interests, and this is the root of the great crisis of capitalism. Before the contradiction is solved, the “disenchantment” of capital cannot be achieved, social principle inferior to capital principle, and the imperialist nature of capitalism is also hard to be eradicated. To sum up, the ultimate goal and the greatest goodness of global governance can only be the construction of human destiny community. The focus of social development is none other than human being. Any deviation from this principle will eventually be denied by history.