宋代词科与士人的文学交游

宋代的权相与词臣,是宋代词科考试的关键性环节,往往会影响词科考试的结果。因此,词科考试前的士人投献,仍有一定的意义。而词科考试对士子博古通今的苛责以及考试知识的专业化倾向,迫使应举士人,特别是没有词科家学传统的士人,通过请益的方式,建立自己的人际网络与师承关系。宋代词科的师承谱系因此得以建立与伸展。以习业词科为中心,历代经典文本、考场衡文标准,辅之师弟相承的文学传统,三者形成合力,从而推动着写作范式的传承与文体形态的稳定性。但衣钵传承,也有可能导致创作上的固化与偏执,由此产生负面影响。
Abstract：In the Song Dynasty, powerful officials often had their rights on the outcome of cike examination, which was supposed to select potential literati for drafting routine official documents. Therefore the touxian (self-introductory petition dedicated to officials) activity before the examination had positive effects for the candidates. The high demanding of cike forced the candidates, particularly those who had no hereditary scholarship, make efforts to construct their social network and teacher-student lineage. That's how the scholarship pedigree in the Song was established and developed. Three forces-classical texts, examination standards, and teacher-student lineage-combined to provide an impetus to the passing down of writing formula and maintaining the stability of literary style. However there was a side effect that exclusive teaching pattern would lead to stagnation of creative writing.