三教融摄与宋代士人的迁谪心态——以苏轼为中心的考察

“三教合一”是宋学最为显著的特征。在这样的文化背景下,宋代士人对儒、佛、道三教人生哲学兼摄、融会,形成了一种宽厚而灵活、执著又通达的处世心态和人生哲学。与“不善处穷”的唐代谪臣如韩愈等相比,宋代士人在谪居期间,往往能积极吸纳佛、道思想中利于精神超越、利于生存需要的合理因素以涵养自己对抗苦难、摆脱困境的文化人格,保持一种稳定、平和、旷达、不走极端的心态,随遇而安,顺适无闷,坦然应对官场的失意和人生的挫折,不介怀于个人之穷通得失、祸福生死,平稳度过这段人生低谷期。
Abstract：“Three unified religions” is the characteristic of the Song studies. In such a cultural background, the scholars of the Song Dynasty dwelled on and integrated the life philosophies of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, forming a particular way dealing with the world that was generous, flexible, and persistent. Compared with the demoted officials, taking Han Yu for instance, in the Tang Dynasty, the scholars in the Song tended to actively absorb the Buddhist and Taoist philosophy, which was conducive to spiritual transcendence and surviving in predicament, smoothing through the lost in officialdom and life frustration in maintaining a stable, peaceful, and unrestrained mind.