不同受教育程度女性双重负担比较

本文利用中国健康营养调查(CHNS)2011年的成年人及家庭样本数据,采用Bivariate Tobit方法,对我国不同受教育程度女性在职场和家庭中的双重负担问题进行了理论解释和实证分析,旨在为优化女性劳动力资源配置和收益补偿机制提供进一步的理论支持。研究结果表明:和未工作女性相比,当职业女性在面临工作、家庭以及自身闲暇三方时间配置决策时,她们并未减少其家庭无偿劳动,而是减少了有偿市场劳动;而且受教育程度越高,女性降低有偿劳动时间越多,这意味着女性接受更多教育的成本没有在劳动力市场上得到相应补偿,进而稀缺的教育资源没有得到最充分的利用。调整服务业的结构,把家庭无偿劳动部分市场化、职业化是解决这一问题的有效途径。
Abstract：Based on the CHNS (2011) and adopting Bivariate Tobit’s Three-Party Ultimatum Game, the article investigates the double burdens of females with different educational level in family and labor markets, with the aim of providing further theoretical support for optimizing female labor resource allocation and income compensation mechanism. The research indicates that, in contrast to the women working in family, professional women decrease their family unpaid work when they face the challenge of time allocation in labor market, family and personal leisure.Furthermore, women with higher education decrease more paid working time than those with less education, which means the cost of higher education did not get reward in labor market and the scarce educational resources did not get full use. A probably effective approach for the problem is adjusting the structural of service industry, partially professionalizing and marketizing the unpaid family work.