中国乡村振兴战略视域下的农民分化及其引申含义

改革开放以来,我国农民群体的异质化特征在不断增强,实施乡村振兴战略需要深刻理解农民分化现象。本文在辨析农民和农民分化概念的基础上,指出在经济学维度,要素配置方式是分析我国农民分化的恰当切入点。依据要素配置方式,可以将我国农民划分为传统农民、离乡农民、离土农民、内源式新型农民、外源式新型农民等五种类型。这种类型分化是农民个体差异性与制度变革因素交互作用的结果,我国农民分化在优化资源配置的同时也加剧了农村内部的经济不平等。实施乡村振兴战略必须注意从农民分化中引申的理论和政策含义,在理论层面要形成耦合本土化特征的城乡关系分析框架,在实践层面要着力提高涉农政策的系统性、瞄准性和针对性。
Abstract：Since China’s reform and opening up, the heterogeneity of China’s peasants has been increasing. It is important to understand peasant differentiation in implementing Rural Revitalization Strategy. According to the definitions of peasant and peasant differentiation, this paper points out that the mode of factors allocation is a proper perspective to analyze peasant differentiation in China. In this paper, China’s peasants are divided into five types: the traditional peasants, out-of-home peasants, out-of-land peasants, new-type peasants with endogenous sources, new-type peasants with exogenous sources. This type of differentiation is the result of the interaction between individual differences of peasants and institutional change. China’s peasant differentiation has also increased the economic inequality within the countryside as well as the optimization of the allocation of resources. China should pay attention to the theoretical and policy implications from peasant differentiation in implementing Rural Revitalization Strategy. we should form a framework of the relationship between urban and rural areas which can coupled with China’s characteristics, and focus on improving the systematicness, targeting and pertinence of China’s agricultural policies.