“五卅运动”与中国现代文学关系新论

“五卅运动”历来被看作现代文学从“文学革命”到“革命文学”的转折点,具有划时代的意义。其实这种简单化的看法不仅夸大了这一运动对文学史的影响,而且也遮蔽了它对文学史影响的复杂性。在“五卅运动”之前,革命文学的倡导已经颇具声势,并出现了悟悟社、春蕾文学社这样的革命文学社团,在创作上也有较多收获。“五卅运动”推动了革命文学的发展,而北伐战争则是促使革命文学繁荣的重要事件。所以,在“文学革命”到“革命文学”的转型过程中,“五卅运动”的意义历来被夸大,北伐战争的影响则被低估了。“五卅运动”固然不是文学史转型的核心因素,不具有“划时代”的意义,但对文学创作的影响还是十分明显的,这主要表现在四个方面:开启了工运文学的小传统;是文学与政党政治结合的开始;引发了文学反帝主题的勃兴;促使了长篇小说创作的丰富与成熟。
Abstract：The May 30th Movement has long been regarded as the turning point of Chinese literature from “literary revolution” to “revolutionary literature”, which has an epoch-making significance in the history of literature. This simplistic view not only exaggerated its influence on the history of literature, but also hid the complexity of its impact on the history of literature. Before the May 30th movement, the advocate of revolutionary literature had considerable momentum, and some revolutionary literature societies had come up, like realization club (wuwu she) and spring bud literary club (chunlei she). It also produced considerable work of creative writing. The Northern Expedition was of the most important event which promoted the prosperity of revolutionary literature. In the transformation of “literary revolution” to “revolutionary literature”, the meaning of the May 30th Movement has been exaggerated and the influence of Northern Expedition is undervalued. The May 30th Movement was not the key factor of the transformation of Chinese literary history. Neither did it mean a new age had come. Nevertheless, it had evident influence on Chinese literature. This is mainly manifested in four aspects: open the small tradition of socialist literature; mark the combination of party politics and literature; the boom of anti-imperialist literature; prompt the enrichment and maturity of full-length novels.