重构“土客”关系:流动人口的社会融合与发展性社会政策

流动人口的社会融合关系到社会和谐目标的实现,也影响着城镇化的进程。本研究利用2013年上海流动人口动态监测调查数据,从流动人口和本地居民关系的角度研究促进流动人口社会融合的路径。文章指出,通过提高包括本地人口和流动人口的教育机会、经济收入和职业地位,有助于减少双方在福利和待遇上的差异性,有助于减少相互社会态度上的歧视和排斥并实现相互包容,有助于增强相互之间在社会身份上的城市认同和社会欢迎,进而论证了实现流动人口社会融合的根本路径。只有增强城市的发展性,提供本地人口和外来人口更多的教育、就业和发展机会,提升其社会流动性,才能从根本上解决城镇化进程中的“土客”矛盾和实现社会整合。
Abstract：The authors analyze migrants’ social integrations with perspectives on migrants-locals relations, and suggest social integration means decreasing gap of economic income and social well-being between migrants and locals, decreasing social discrimination to migrants and increasing positive judgment for migrants’ contribution to urban development, and promoting migrants’ identity to the city and local people’s acceptance for migrants’ urban identity. The authors draw the conclusion that higher education, higher income and promoting the occupation status will be helpful for migrants and for local people’s social integration, and suggest a development-oriented social policy in urban China.