诗学、文章学话语的沟通与桐城派诗歌理论的系统化——方东树诗学的历史贡献

方东树《昭昧詹言》作为桐城派后期重要的诗学专著,继承桐城文学理论和批评中主于教学、注重实用的特点,于作诗、读诗、选诗、解诗、评诗都提出了一套完整的学说。一方面总结桐城诗学的经验内容,使之成为有系统的理论;一方面又在新的理论视野下沟通诗学和文章学,由文法中攫取部分概念入诗论,丰富了古典诗学的概念系统。本文从诗学原理、诗学话语、写作理论、批评理论和取法路径五个方面论述方氏诗学的理论倾向和历史意义,对近年学界提出的一些论断提出了不同的看法。
Abstract：As an important poetic treatise representative of later stage of Tongcheng Prose School, Fang dongshu's Illuminating Remarks (zhaowei zhanyan) inherits the school's literary theory and features of emphasis on teaching and utility, proposing an integral theory on writing poetry, reading poetry, selecting poetry, analyzing poetry and criticizing poetry. On the one hand, Fang summarized Tongcheng Prose School's poetic experience and shape it into a systematic theory. On the other hand, He broadened the field of vision to communicate classical poetry and ancient prose by introducing pertinent concepts of article study into poetic discourse, and hence enriched the system of classical poetic concepts. This article expounds the tendencies of Fang's poetic theory and its historic significance from five fields such as poetic principle, poetic language, writing theory, criticism theory and method selection, and finally it presents some new perspectives different from the views advanced by academic circles in recent years.