叶尔羌河流域1990—2010年生态环境变化特征
Features of eco-environmental changes in Yarkant River Basin from 1990 to 2010

利用叶尔羌河流域1990、2000年和2010年Landsat-TM影像数据和中巴资源卫星数据，结合GIS技术及生态环境状况指数计算方法，分析流域内1990—2010年流域生态环境变化特征。结果显示： 1990—2010年，叶尔羌河流域生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数和土地退化指数分别减少4.53%、4.00%和3.56%，水网密度指数整体增高了3.71%； 1990、2000年和2010年，叶尔羌河流域生态环境状况指数分别为34.94、34.77和34.32，均属于较差级别，受自然和人为因素的双重影响流域生态环境趋于退化。
This paper analyzed the land use change in Yarkant River Basin during recent 20 years using Landsat-TM and CBERS images from 1990, 2000, and 2010 combined with GIS and the ecological environment index calculation methods. The results showed that during the years from 1990—2010, the species richness index, vegetation coverage index and land degradation index were decreased by 4.53%, 4.00% and 3.56%, respectively, while the water density index was increased by 3.71%. Additionally, the eco-environment condition indexes of Yarkant River Basin were 34.94, 34.77 and 34.32 in 1990,2000 and 2010, reaching a dissatisfactory level. The ecological environment became degraded by influences from both the natural and human activities.