氮素形态配比对全膜双垄沟播玉米干物质积累及产量的影响
Effects of different ratios of nitrate to ammonium on dry matter accumulation and yield of maize planting in furrows under alternating narrow and wide ridges completely mulched

为优化陇中干旱、半干旱地区全膜双垄沟播玉米的氮肥运筹并最终提高子粒产量，通过大田试验，探索了硝态氮/铵态氮分别按1∶0(N1)、1∶1(N2)、1∶2(N3)、1∶3(N4)、2∶1(N5)、3∶1(N6)配比对旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米的光合特性、干物质积累、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明：硝态氮和铵态氮配施下玉米的叶面积、光合势相比单施硝态氮均有所提高，以硝铵比为3∶1(N6)最佳，较N1叶面积和光合势分别提高12.59%～39.85%、13.71%～25.00%。提高硝态氮的施用比例利于改善玉米的光合性能，进而促进干物质积累及产量形成。硝态氮和铵态氮两种氮素形态配施对玉米的生长发育具有明显的促进作用，较单施硝态氮的干物质量和产量分别提高了5.45%～52.74%和3.85%～9.93%。其中N6配比下玉米干物质的积累和产量最高，较其它配比分别平均提高了17.13%和4.73%，是最优配比。
Field experiment was used to study the effects of different ratios of nitrate to ammonium on dry matter accumulation and yield formation of maize planting in furrows under alternating narrow and wide ridges completely mulched. NO3--N/NH4+-N was in the ratios of 1∶0(N1), 1∶1(N2), 1∶2(N3), 1∶3(N4), 2∶1(N5) and 3∶1(N6). Photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and grain yield were determined under different treatments. The results showed that the NO3--N and NH4+-N mixture ratio could increase leaf area and photosynthetic potential of maize compared with the single nitrogen form. Among them, the fertilizer ratio of 3∶1(N6) was the best treatment, the leaf area and photosynthetic potential of maize was increased 12.59%～39.85%、13.71%～25.00%, respectively, compared with the N1. Increasing the proportion of nitrate fertilizer improved photosynthetic performance, and then promoted dry matter accumulation and yield formation. Mixed supply of nitrate and ammonium fertilizer significantly promoted maize growth and development, the dry matter accumulation and yield were higher 5.45%～52.74% and 3.85%～9.93% than that of the single NO3--N. N6 was the best treatment which had the highest dry matter accumulation and grain yield, which increased by 17.13% and 4.73% than those of other treatments.