不同增施微肥方式对马铃薯块茎产量和Zn、Fe含量的影响
Influences of different application methods of micronutrient fertilizers to yield and content of zinc and iron in potato

本研究的目的在于揭示土施和喷施两种增施微肥方式对马铃薯块茎产量和Zn、Fe含量的影响。试验选取定薯1号为试材，进行田间试验，设13个处理，依次为：硫酸锌、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰分别作基肥施入（D1、D2、D3），在现蕾期、开花期和块茎膨大期喷施0.2%水溶液（A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2、C3），不喷施为对照（CK）。结果表明：增施微肥能使株高降低0.9～3.9 cm，茎粗增粗0.02～0.13 cm，单株结薯数增加0.13～0.86个，也能使单株产量增加0.002～0.18 kg，平均单薯重增加7.48～12.04 g，使生育期延长1～8 d，在现蕾期、开花期、块茎膨大期喷施硫酸锌和现蕾期喷施硫酸锰能使产量增加18.4%～25.7%；现蕾期喷施硫酸锌可提高块茎Zn含量（提高2.2 mg·kg-1），而在现蕾期喷施硫酸锌、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰，开花期喷施硫酸亚铁，硫酸锰作基肥施入可提高块茎Fe含量（提高2.0～9.0 mg·kg-1）。
With the purpose to analyze the influences of two different application methods (soil application and spraying) of micronutrient fertilizers to tuber yield and content of zinc and iron in potato, using Dingshu 1 as test material, a field experiment was conducted with 13 treatments, i.e., zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate as base fertilizer (D1, D2 and D3), spraying with 0.2% aqueous solution in budding period, flowering period and tuber expanding period (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2 and C3), and no application as control (CK). The results showed that the application of micronutrient fertilizers reduced plant height by 0.9～3.9 cm, increased stem diameter by 0.02～0.13 cm, increased tuber number per plant by 0.13～0.86, increased yield per plant by 0.002～0.18 kg, increased average tuber weight by 7.48～12.04 g, and extended growth duration by 1～8 days. The production could be increased by 18.4%～25.7% by spraying zinc sulfate in budding period, flowering period and tuber expanding period and spraying manganese sulfate in budding period. Spraying zinc sulfate in budding period could improve zinc content in tubers by 2.2 mg·kg-1, while spraying zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate in budding period, spraying ferrous sulfate in flowering period, and applying manganese sulfate as base fertilizer could increase iron content by 2.0～9.0 mg·kg-1.