覆膜穴播机三刚一柔成穴机构的设计及仿真
Design and simulation of three rigid-one flexible forming hole mechanism of film mulch and punch planter

针对我国覆膜玉米穴播机采用的平行四杆成穴机构作业时垂直入土扰动大、撕膜严重的问题，设计了三刚一柔成穴机构，主要将平行四杆机构从动杆换装为弹簧阻尼杆。基于Adams建立三刚一柔成穴机构和平行四杆机构仿真模型，并在相同条件下进行仿真，结果表明：三刚一柔成穴机构的成穴杆在x轴水平方向较平行四杆机构位移变化较小且平滑，在y轴垂直方向趋势一致；三刚一柔成穴机构的成穴杆对前后土型均有扰动，但扰动力均较小，而平行四杆机构只对前边的土壤有扰动，但扰动力是三刚一柔机构的9.4倍。因此，所设计的三刚一柔成穴机构较平行四杆机构对土壤扰动小，有利于种子发芽，成穴杆不受力时又可恢复至垂直入土的状态，对地膜破坏较小。
Pointed at the problem of large disturbance and seriously tearing film when corn film mulch and punch planter perpendicularly inserted the soil by parallel four-bar mechanism in our country, designed out the three rigid-one flexible forming hole mechanism, the parallel four-bar mechanism was replaced by the spring damping pole. Based on the Adams, established the simulation models as three rigid-one flexible mechanism and parallel four-bar mechanism, and which was simulated at the same conditions. The results showed that: The forming hole pole of the three rigid-one flexible mechanism was less change of displacement and smooth in the level direction in x axis than the parallel four-bar mechanism, while in y axis, the vertical direction trend was basically consistent. The pole of the three rigid-one flexible forming hole mechanism had slight disturbance to the front and back soil model, but the parallel four-bar mechanism only disturbed to the front soil, the disturbing force was 9.4 times higher than the three rigid-one flexible mechanism. Therefore, the design of three rigid-one flexible mechanism had less soil disturbance, useful seed germination compared with parallel four-bar mechanism. The forming hole pole can be recovered to the state of perpendicularly inserting soil when the pole don’t impose force, which had less damage to the film mulch.