疏勒河中游绿洲生态环境需水研究——Ⅰ.方法与参数选取
Eco-environmental water requirement in the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe River Basin——Calculation method and parameter

干旱内陆河流域绿洲生态环境需水研究是内陆河流域水资源综合管理和优化配置、保护和恢复生态环境中最为关键的科学问题之一，本研究针对疏勒河中游绿洲生态环境现状以及天然植被、河流湖泊等生态需水特征，建立了基于天然植被、河流、湿地和防治耕地盐碱化的疏勒河中游绿洲生态环境需水定量化模型，以期为干旱内陆河流域绿洲生态环境需水研究提供一种可借鉴方法。模型计算结果表明，疏勒河中游绿洲2013年天然植被、河流基本生态、河流输沙、河流渗漏补给、水面蒸发和湿地生态环境需水量分别为1.90×108 m3、1.00×108 m3、1.11×108 m3、0.83×108 m3、0.68×108 m3、2.70×108 m3。根据目前疏勒河流域中游绿洲水资源与生态环境现状，应加强水资源的综合管理，协调农业用水与生态用水关系以及不同区域和不同部门间水资源配置量，提高水资源综合利用效率；进一步制定中游绿洲近期和远期生态保护和生态恢复目标，确定生态综合治理重点区，准确计算基于生态保护目标的流域中游绿洲生态需水量及阈值。
Eco-environmental water requirement in arid inland river basin is one of key scientific problems in the reasonable allocation and management of water resources and the eco-environmental protection and construction in arid regions. According to different types of eco-environmental water requirement in the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe river basin, quantification model of eco-environmental water requirement for plain regions of the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe river basin was established and the calculation method of eco-environmental water requirement was put forward. The research result indicated that eco-environmental water requirement of natural vegetation, basic eco-environmental water requirement, transportation sand eco-environment water requirement, recharge of watercourse seepage water requirement, water surface evaporation eco-environmental water requirement, marsh eco-environmental water requirement were 1.90×108 m3, 1.00×108 m3, 1.11×108 m3, 0.83×108 m3, 0.68×108 m3 and 2.70×108 m3 in 2013, respectively. According to environmental status and the aim of ecological protection, optimal configuration and comprehensive management of water resources would need to be enhanced, the proportion of ecological water use and agricultural water use, and configuration quantity of water resources in different area and different usage department would be harmonized, comprehensive utilization efficiency of water resources would be heightened in the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe river basin. The recent and future ecological protection and restoration aim will be further established in the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe river basin. The significant zone of ecological governance will be ascertained, which the threshold and suitable quantity of ecological water requirement were calculated under different protection aim in the middle reaches oasis of Shule river basin.