不同灌水水平下一膜两年覆盖的玉米农田土壤水分和经济效益分析
Soil moisture and economic benefits of maize field by 2 years plastic film mulching under different irrigation levels

以大田玉米为研究对象，在少耕地膜覆盖和不同灌水水平下，研究了一膜两年用地膜覆盖、秋免耕春覆膜和传统耕作覆膜对玉米农田土壤水分和产量的影响，以期为灌区玉米生产优化耕作措施、地膜再利用、提高水分利用效率提供理论依据。结果表明，一膜两年覆盖可显著提高播前农田0～60 cm土层土壤含水量和土壤贮水量（0～120 cm），一膜两年覆盖农田贮水量较传统耕作覆膜提高13.31%，且处理间差异显著；在玉米生育期一膜两年用地膜覆盖可明显提高0～30 cm土层土壤含水量，一膜两年用较传统覆膜处理0～30 cm土层土壤含水量提高7.67%，而不同处理对30～120 cm土层土壤含水量影响较小。高灌水水平下，一膜两年覆盖方式可达到与传统耕作覆膜方式相当的产量，在中、低灌水水平下高于传统覆膜处理，分别增产2.40%和16.39%，且在低灌水水平下WUE在不同覆膜方式处理间存在显著差异， 一膜两年覆盖的WUE分别较秋免耕春覆膜和传统耕作覆膜高出5.25%和20.26%；此外，一膜两年覆盖方式可显著减少成本投入，产投比分别较秋免耕春覆膜和传统耕作覆膜提高7.27%和15.69%。说明一膜两年用地膜覆盖可显著提高播前和生育期0～30 cm的土壤含水量，在水分胁迫的低灌水水平下一膜两年用覆盖模式可减缓干旱胁迫，提高作物子粒产量和水分利用效率，降低成本投入，提高产投比，是适于西北绿洲灌区的覆膜农田管理新技术。
In order to provide the theory basis for optimal tillage measures, film mulching reuse and increasing water use efficiency of maize in oasis irrigation district, under different irrigation levels and minimal/no tillage with plastic film mulch, taking the maize field as the research object, the effect on soil water content and yield of maize by 2 years film mulching, no tillage in autumn and mulching in spring and traditional tillage plus mulching have been researched. The results showed that: before sowing the soil water content in 0 to 60 cm and soil water storage in 0 to 120 cm can be significantly increased by 2 years plastic film mulching treatment, compared with the traditional tillage plus mulch, the soil water storage can be increased 13.31%, also the difference between treatment was significant. In addition, the soil water content in 0 to 30 cm can be increased 7.67% during maize growing period, but the effect of different treatment to soil water content in 30 to 120 cm was less. Under high irrigation level, the crop yield by 2 years plastic film mulching can be reached same as the traditional tillage plus mulch, but it was high under middle and low irrigation level, the yields were increased 2.40% and 16.39% respectively. Also, the water use efficiency (WUE) was exsisted significant difference between each mulching treatment under low irrigation level, the WUE by 2 years film mulching was higher than 5.25% and 20.26% compared with no tillage in autumn and mulching in spring and traditional tillage plus mulching. In addition, the production cost by the mode of 2 years plastic film mulching can be significantly decreased, the input-output ratio was higher than 7.27% and 15.69% with no tillage in autumn and mulching in spring and traditional tillage plus mulching. This can be explained that: the soil water content in 0 to 30cm before seeding and during growth period can be significantly increased by the mode of 2 years plastic film mulching, under low