重庆市中低海拔村镇旅游区住宅热湿环境实测与热舒适研究

通过问卷调研与现场实测的方法，分析了重庆市中低海拔村镇旅游区住宅各季节的热湿环境特性，并进行了热舒适研究.对比国家现行相关规范中的热舒适限值与实测值，发现旅游区夏季和过渡季温湿度范围偏离限值较小，冬季偏离限制最大.通过大样本问卷调查与实测进一步得到如下结论：各季节预测平均投票数PMV的修正值PMVe分别为夏季+0.67，过渡季+0.32，冬季-1.20；热感觉投票值TSV分别为夏季+0.63，过渡季-0.64，冬季-1.53；夏季和过渡季的热舒适度较高，冬季最差.根据APMV、PMVe与TSV值对比发现，影响夏季、过渡季和冬季热舒适性的最不利因素分别为：室内温度、室内湿度、室内温度.因此，为提高村镇旅游区住宅热舒适度，可采取的措施为：夏季通风降温，过渡季在外墙中加入防潮材料建立防潮层，冬季采用“空气源热泵+太阳能房”或在条件允许时采用地表水源热泵.
Using the methods of questionnaire and field measurement, this paper analysed the characteristics of the thermal and humidity environment of every season in mid and low altitude rural tourist areas of Chongqing. By comparing the measured value with the thermal comfort limit value of the national standards, we find out that the departure degree of temperature and humidity range is small in summer and the transition season and the large in winter. Through large-scale sample questionnaire survey, we conclude that, in each season the PMVe values are +0.67 in summer, +0.32 in the transition season and -1.20 in winter. The TSV values are +0.63 in summer, -0.64 in transition season and -1.53 in winter respectively. The thermal comfort is better in summer and transition season and the worst in winter. Through further calculation of APMV and contrast with PMVe, TSV values, we find out that the most unfavorable factors to impact thermal comfort in summer, transition season and winter are indoor temperature, indoor humidity and indoor temperature respectively. Therefore, in order to improve the thermal comfort of residences in rural tourist areas, we can take the following measures: ventilation cooling in summer, adding moisture-proof material in the exterior wall in the transition season and adopting the air source heat pump with solar house or the surface water source heat pump when conditions permit.