基于多尺度模型的立体车库车辆撞击性能研究

为了研究立体车库在车辆撞击下的性能，采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件分别建立立体车库多尺度和精细化有限元模型，对比了两种模型的计算精度和效率，验证了多尺度模型的适用性.基于多尺度模型，对立体车库在撞击作用下的动力响应进行了分析，且研究了撞击速度、撞击质量、撞击位置和上部工况等参数的变化对结构动力响应的影响，进而对撞击力进行了研究，并将撞击力结果与中国规范、美国规范和欧洲规范进行了比较.研究结果表明:车辆对立体车库的撞击作用具有局部性；撞击速度和撞击质量对结构的动力响应影响较大，撞击位置与上部工况对其影响较小；撞击速度的变化对撞击力的影响最为明显，但当撞击作用导致被撞柱失效后，撞击力峰值不再随撞击速度和撞击质量的增加而改变；针对车辆撞击钢结构立体车库，中国规范和欧洲规范中对汽车撞击力的取值略显不安全，而美国规范中对汽车撞击力的取值较为安全.
To study the dynamic responses of a tridimensional parking structure subjected to vehicle impact, a multi-scale and refined finite element models of the tridimensional parking structure were established based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software. The accuracy and efficiency of these two models were compared, and the applicability of the multi-scale model was verified. Based on the multi-scale model, the dynamic responses of the tridimensional parking structures were examined, and the influences of various factors, such as the impact velocity, vehicle mass, impact position, and working condition were investigated. Additionally, the impact force was studied and compared with the allowances given in Chinese code, American code, and European code. The results indicate that the vehicle impact has a local effect on the tridimensional garage; the impact velocity and vehicle mass have a great influence on the dynamic responses of the tridimensional garage, while the impact position and working condition present no obvious effect; the impact velocity has a greater influence on the impact force. However, when the impacted column is failed, the peak value of the impact force would not change with the increase of the impact velocity and vehicle mass; for the tridimensional parking structure subjected to vehicle impact, the values of the impact force given in Chinese code and Europe code are not reliable in some cases, but the value given in American code is safe.