量子自杀实验的哲学探析

摘要 量子自杀实验是在多世界解释假设的基础上导出的一个思想实验，被认为是对量子多世界解释和传统解释的一个判决性实验。对于该实验的争议主要集中在如何定义分支、如何定义概率及被实验者如何选择自己的立场等三个方面。其中分支问题为多世界解释本身的问题;后两个问题争论的根源在于，没有意识到多世界解释中的分支世界并非可能世界，而是必然发生的平行世界，其核心涉及概率的重新定义和意识的同一性问题。该实验不仅无法验证多世界解释，反而暴露了多世界解释在验证问题、概率问题、信任问题中存在的问题和矛盾。
Abstract：Quantum suicide experiment is a kind of ideal experiment deriving from the hypothesis of many-worlds interpretation (MWI)， which is regarded as a decisive experiment on the many-worlds interpretation and traditional interpretations of quantum mechanics. The controversy over the experiment focuses on three aspects: how to define the branches， how to define the probability and how the experimenter chooses his/her position. Among them the branch issue is derived from the many-worlds interpretation itself. However， the controversial root of the other two issues is that they fail to realize that the branches are not possible worlds but inevitable parallel worlds， whose core is to redefine the probability and guarantee the identity of consciousness. While the experiment can't verify the many-worlds interpretation， it reveals many problems and contradictions in terms of verification， probability and trust.