中国与中亚国家“教育丝绸之路”合作路径探析——基于中亚四国高等教育的发展

摘要 中亚哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦四个国家的高等教育分别处于普及化、普及化、大众化和精英化发展阶段，其高等教育有着不同的发展需求;教育投入存在差异，总体上低于国际平均水平;高层次人才培养相对较少;各领域的招生比例差异较大。中国要对接“丝绸之路”沿线国家的教育发展需求，构建多层合作机制，根据中亚四国的发展差异，着重扩大与中亚国家研究生层次的高等教育合作，重点发展能源、信息技术、交通、纺织、旅游、农业等领域人才合作，鼓励我国高校与中亚高校探索多样化的合作渠道。
Abstract：Central Asian countries are currently at different stages of higher education development (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan at the universal stage， Tajikistan at the mass stage and Uzbekistan at the elite stage) and have different development needs. The investments on higher education are varied and lower than the international average. Also， the cultivation of high-level talents is poorer compared to the other levels， and the enrollment in postgraduate programs varies significantly across different disciplines. To establish an “Educational Silk Route” involving these countries， China may need to address potential differences and set up multi-layer collaboration mechanisms. Given the development differences among the four countries， the cooperation with central Asian countries in postgraduate education should be expanded， the talents cooperation in such areas as energy sources， information technology， transportation， textile， tourism and agriculture should be developed， and the exploration of diversified cooperation channels for Chinese and Central Asian colleges and universities should be encouraged.