高速列车头车外流场气动噪声的仿真与实验研究

摘要 针对高速列车的头车进行全尺寸三维模型和流场流域的创建，并通过k-ε湍流模型计算稳态流场;在稳态流场的基础上，采用宽频带噪声模型计算头车表面的气动噪声源;利用大涡模拟(LES)方法计算瞬态流场，进而获取车身外表面的脉动压力;再基于瞬态流场，采用Lighthill声类比理论研究头车远场气动噪声的计算.最后，比较气动噪声的仿真分析结果与实地试验结果，验证了仿真结果的正确性.
Abstract：The full-size high-speed train head and flow field around were modeled to simulate the turbulent air flow and aerodynamic noise. The external steady flow field was computed using the Realizable k-ε turbulence model. Based on the steady flow field， aerodynamic noise sources on the train head surface and the external transient flow field were calculated by broadband acoustics source model and large eddy simulation (LES)， respectively. The fluctuating pressures on the train surface were obtained from the results of the transient model. Considering the transient flow field， the far-field aerodynamic noise of the train head was finally obtained based on Lighthill acoustics analogue theory. The simulated aerodynamic noise was compared with the on-line test result to validate the simulation， and they have a good agreement.