油页岩粉尘层着火的理论模型与实验研究

摘要 为了解油页岩粉尘着火爆炸危险性，利用化学反应动力学、传热学以及Thomas热自燃理论，建立了稳态条件下粉尘层着火的不对称理论模型.利用热板测试装置测试了我国4大产地油页岩粉尘层的最低着火温度，结果介于503~613K，最低着火温度随粉尘层厚度的增加而降低，不同产地油页岩粉尘着火温度高低依次为:抚顺>桦甸>龙口>茂名，与油页岩挥发分含量成反相关.利用测试结果确定了油页岩粉尘层燃烧动力学参数值，代入不对称着火理论模型，计算得到相应厚度粉尘层的临界着火温度，和实验结果对比，误差在10%以内，为预测生产过程油页岩着火危险性提供了可行的理论方法.
Abstract：In order to study the fire risk of oil shale dust， an asymmetric model of dust layer ignition under steady-state condition was established by using chemical reaction kinetics， heat transfer and Thomas thermal ignition theory. The minimum ignition temperature of dust layer of 4 oil shale samples from the major producing areas of China was tested. The results showed that the minimum ignition temperature is between 503~613K， and it decreases with the increasing layer thickness. The minimum ignition temperature order of the four samples is as follows: Fushun> Huadian> Longkou> Maoming， which is correlated reciprocally with volatile content. Using the theory model， the activation energy and critical ignition temperature corresponding to different thickness were calculated. It was found that the error between the calculation critical ignition temperature and experimental results is within 10%， which provides a feasible method on theoretical prediction of fire risk in the oil shale production process.