不同市场条件下金属露天矿分期方案动态优化

摘要 基于浮锥排除法基本原理以及动态规划法进行露天矿分期方案动态优化.采用2000万t矿量作为境界增量，使用锥体排除法产生一系列地质最优候选境界，以净现值最大为目标函数，对候选境界序列进行动态规划，得出不同市场价格条件下的最优分期方案.研究结果表明，当价格平均年增长率分别为1.5%，3%，4.5%，其所对应的生产成本年增长率分别为0.5%，1%，2%时，给出的最佳方案为分两期开采方案和分三期开采方案，其中分两期开采方案比分三期开采方案产生的经济净现值分别多1.2%，3%，4.3%;但分两期开采方案比分三期开采方案采出的矿石量分别少9.2%，7.9%，13.1%.由此可见，以净现值或者矿石资源量作为生产决策指标对最优分期方案的选取有很重要的影响.
Abstract：Based on the theory of floating cone exclusive and dynamic programming method， dynamic optimization of the staging scheme was used in open-pit mines. The optimal installment scheme could be obtained under the conditions of the different iron ore market by using 20 million tons of ore quantity as boundary increment to produce a series of geological optimal candidate boundaries by using cone elimination， and dynamic programming for the maximum of the net present value. The results showed that when the average price growth rate are 1.5%，3% and 4.5%， and the corresponding annual growth rate of production costs are 0.5%， 1% and 2%， the best scheme is divided into two stages and three stages. The economic net present value of the two stages of mining scheme is 1.2%， 3% and 4.3% more than that of the three stage mining scheme， but the amount of ore is 9.2%， 7.9%， and 13.1% less than that of three stage mining scheme. It can be seen that the net present value or the amount of mineral resources has a very important influence on the selection of the optimal scheme.