中国东北黑蜂蜂胶醇提物化学性质的研究

为了考察东北黑蜂蜂胶乙醇提取物（Ethanol extracts from the Chinese northeast black bee propolis，EENBP）的理化性质，采用扫描电镜、紫外光谱、红外光谱、GC-MS和LC-MS等技术，分别研究了EENBP的化学组成和特征图谱。扫描电镜分析结果表明超声辅助提取制得的EENBP混合更加均匀；紫外和红外光谱分析结果表明EENBP中的的化学组分主要包括黄酮类、萜烯类、酯类、酚酸类和醇类等。GC-MS结果表明超声辅助提取制得的EENBP中挥发性成分主要是萜烯类化合物，分别是大根香叶烯、杜松烯、愈创木醇和芹子烯。LC-MS从超声辅助提取制得的EENBP中鉴定出苯甲醛、咖啡酸、香豆酸和阿魏酸，蜂胶中还含有柯因、异鼠李素和山奈素等成分。上述结果说明超声辅助提取制得的EENBP活性成分丰富，可以进一步进行相应功能的健康食品、药品的开发。
In order to study the physicochemical properties of ethanol extracts from Northeast-China black bee propolis (EENBP), the chemical compositions and characteristic spectra of the extracts were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the EENBP obtained by ultrasonic assisted extraction (EENBPUA) had a more uniform distribution compared with that of EENBP. Analysis of UV and IR spectra showed that EENBPUA contained flavonoids, terpenes, esters, phenolic acids, and alcohols, among other components. GC-MS results showed that the main volatiles in EENBPUA were terpene compounds, including germacrene, cadinene, guaiol, and selinene. Seven compounds, including benzaldehyde, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, chrysin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol were identified by LC/MS from the EENBPUA. These findings suggest that the active components of EENBPUA are abundant and EENBP can be used for further development of healthy food and drugs with corresponding functions.