基于磁电辅助浸渍的鲜切苹果钙离子强化研究

利用互感方法获得交变感应电场，并结合旋转磁场作用，固定磁感应强度0.13 mT、旋转频率1 Hz下对浸渍溶液中的鲜切苹果进行钙离子强化处理，即以交变电场力和交变磁场力共同作用加速自由离子在苹果组织中的扩散，考察不同激励电压、激励信号种类、脉冲信号占空比和溶液种类对苹果中钙含量的影响，发现激励电压越高则越有利于钙离子在苹果中的扩散。经过脉冲波处理后的样品相对于正弦波、三角波和锯齿波处理的样品其钙离子含量最高。不同电导率的浸渍溶液体系中，其蔗糖-氯化钙溶液处理后的鲜切苹果钙含量最高可达94 mg/100 g，相对于其他2种浸渍体系即蔗糖-乳酸钙和蔗糖-葡萄糖酸钙体系，钙含量则分别提高了119.0%和91.6%，且样品的钙含量增加趋势在50 min后变缓，该研究为钙离子在多孔状植物组织中的渗透提供了一种参考方法。
An alternating electrical field induced by mutual inductance was combined with a rotating magnetic field at 0.13 mT and 1 Hz frequency to conduct calcium fortification of fresh-cut apples in impregnation solutions. The effects of different excitation voltages, excitation signal types, pulse signal duty cycles, and solution types on the calcium content in the samples were investigated by combining the forces from the alternating electrical field and rotating magnetic field to accelerate the diffusion of free ions in the apple tissues. The results showed that higher excitation voltage levels were more conducive to the diffusion of ions into apple tissues. Compared with samples treated by sine, triangle, and sawtooth wave excitations, the sample treated by pulse wave excitation had a higher calcium content. In the impregnation solution systems with different conductivities, the highest calcium content of the fresh-cut apples treated by a sucrose-calcium chloride solution was 94 mg/100 g, which was an increase of 119.0% or 91.6% over that of samples treated by a sucrose-calcium lactate solution or a sucrose-calcium gluconate solution, respectively. In addition, the increasing trend in the calcium content of the sample slowed down after 50 min. This study provides a reference method for facilitating the penetration of calcium ions into the tissues of porous plants.