非合作航天器自主相对导航研究综述
Review of autonomous relative navigation for non-cooperative spacecraft

非合作航天器自主相对导航作为与非合作航天器实现空间交会对接过程中的关键技术, 是在轨服务技术 的重点发展方向之一, 其研究具有重要的理论价值与工程意义. 针对在轨服务任务对于自主相对精确导航的需求, 本文对发展非合作航天器自主相对导航技术的必要性进行了阐述. 首先总结了非合作航天器自主相对导航技术的 内涵与研究现状; 随后分析梳理了非合作航天器自主相对导航过程涉及到的光学敏感器, 位姿测量, 导航滤波器以 及地面实验等关键技术. 最后根据研究现状和关键技术的分析指出了非合作航天器自主相对导航目前存在的主要 问题并给出后续发展的建议.
Autonomous relative navigation for non-cooperative spacecraft is the critical technique of the rendezvous and docking of non-cooperative spacecraft as well as one of the major development directions for the on-orbit servicing technology, the research on which has theoratical value and engineering significance. The necessity for the development of autonomous relative navigation for non-cooperative spacecraft is elaborated based on the demanding requirement for the autonomous relative navigation for non-cooperative spacecraft in on-orbit servicing missions. First, the connotation and current research status of autonomous relative navigation for non-cooperative spacecraft are reviewed. Then, the key techniques applied in the autonomous relative navigation for non-cooperative spacecraft, i.e. optical sensors, pose measuremnt, navigation filters and ground experiment, are summarized. Finally, according to analysis of the state of the art and the critical techniques, the main issues of the autonomous relative navigation for non-cooperative spacecraft are raised and the recommendation for the further development are presented.