目的 探讨基于脑机接口（BCI)电刺激在脑卒中患者上肢康复训练中的可行性及作用机制。 方法 选取5例脑卒中患者并采用基于BCI电刺激技术对其上肢功能进行康复训练（共训练1次），观察入选患者康复训练前、后在执行运动想象(MI)任务时的在线准确率（CA）以及事件相关去同步电位（ERD）。 结果 5例入选患者康复训练前执行运动想象任务时的平均在线准确率为50.70%，康复训练后其在线准确率提升至58.94%；康复训练前2例患者两侧中央运动区均表现ERD特征，康复训练后该2例患者两侧中央运动区ERD特征较治疗前明显增强，并且患侧中央运动区ERD特征亦明显强于健侧中央运动区，1例脑卒中患者在训练前明显ERD特征，经康复训练后患侧中央运动区表现出ERD特征，另外2例患者在康复训练前、后其双侧中央运动区均明显ERD特征。 结论 基于BCI电刺激技术对促进脑卒中患者上肢功能恢复具有显著疗效，其治疗机制可能与促进患侧运动相关脑区激活有关。 Objective To explore the feasibility of applying electrical stimulation (ES) based on a brain-computer interface (BCI) for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke. Methods Five stroke patients were treated with one session of BCI-based ES. They were tested for classification accuracy (CA) during motor imagery (MI) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) before and after the treatment. Results The patients′ average CA increased from 50.70% before the stimulation to 58.94% afterward. Two of the patients showed ERD in the bilateral central motor cortex before the stimulation, and it was enhanced afterward. ERD was more obvious in the affected central motor cortexes than in those unaffected. One stroke patient showed no ERD in either central motor cortex before treatment but exhibited ERD in the affected cortex after the stimulation. Two other patients showed no obvious ERD in either central motor cortex before or after the treatment. Conclusions BCI-based ES is useful for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke
