3种新型浮床植物净化富营养化水体的试验研究

为探索高效净化富营养化水体的新型浮床植物，在室外条件下，选取有药用价值和绿化作用的3种陆生植物酸模、沿阶草、麦冬作为浮床植物，以自行设计组装的生态浮床作为植物载体，对由湖水加一定量的营养元素配制的富营养化污水进行为期40d的处理，比较植物生长情况和净化效果.结果显示，3种植物都能全部存活，酸模长得较快，生物量增加较多，但生命周期短，而沿阶草和麦冬是常青植物.实验结束时，酸模对TP(总磷)的去除率为90%，而其他两种植物为40%左右；酸模对NH+4-N的净化速率比沿阶草和麦冬大，随着时间的增加，3种植物对NH+4-N的去除率都能达到90%左右；酸模对TOC（总有机碳）的去除率达80%，而麦冬和沿阶草为60%~70%.研究表明，酸模、沿阶草和麦冬都可以作为浮床植物，可根据不同生态条件和水体污染程度针对性选择使用.这对新的浮床植物品种的开发具有重要的现实意义.
Abstract：To seek for new floating bed plants which can efficiently purify eutrophic water, three kinds of terrestrial plant with medicinal value and greening effect, Rumex acetosa, Ophiopogon bodinieri and Ophiopogon japonicus were selected as the floating-bed plants for outdoor experiments. The self-designed ecological floating-bed was used as the plants carrier. The eutrophic waste water which consisted of lake water and a certain amount of nutrients was put under treatment for 40 d. The growth of the plants and the purification effect were compared . The results show that all three plants can survive, and that Rumex acetosa grows faster and its biomass increases more, but its growth period is short, while Ophiopogon bodinieri and Ophiopogon japonicus are the evergreen plants. At the end of the experiment, the removal rate of total phosphorus by Rumex acetosa is 90%, while that of the other two plants is about 40%. The purification rate of ammonia nitrogen by Rumex acetosa is higher than that of Ophiopogon bodinieri and Ophiopogon japonicus. As time goes by, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate by the three plants can reach about 90%; the removal rate of total organic carbon by Rumex acetosa is 80%, while the removal rate by Ophiopogon bodinieri and Ophiopogon japonicus is 60%~70%. It has been shown in this paper that Rumex acetosa, Ophiopogon bodinieri and Ophiopogon japonicas can be used as floating bed plants, and that they can be selected according to different ecological conditions and the degree of water pollution. This has important practical significance for the development of new varieties of floating bed plants.