自我威胁刺激对返回抑制的影响

摘要： 使用线索-靶子范式，分别将面孔刺激作为线索（实验1）和靶子（实验2）呈现，考察自我扭曲面孔对返回抑制的影响。结果发现：自我扭曲面孔为线索时，与他人扭曲、他人中性面孔产生了实验性分离，自我扭曲面孔的返回抑制效应量最小；自我扭曲面孔为靶子时，返回抑制消失。研究结果揭示：以自我扭曲面孔为代表的自我威胁刺激激活了威胁性自我概念，缩小了注意搜索范围，缩小了自我边界，这可能是导致人际紧张的潜在自我认知机制。
Abstract: Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibition of return (IOR) on self-twist face, which might further look into the processing on self-threat stimuli. Cue-target tasks were conducted in both two experiments. In Experiment 1, 28 college students are presented self-twist face, other’s twist or neutral face as the cue each time. In Experiment 2, 22 college students were presented self-twist face, other’s twist or neutral face as the target each time. The participants were asked to react to the target (a black square in Experiment 1 and a face in Experiment 2) via pressing the related keys followed by the different cue (a face in Experiment 1 and a black square in Experiment 2) as quickly and precisely as possible. At the end of the experiment, the participants were asked if the presenting twist faces or neutral faces were their own or not. ANOVAs were conducted on reaction time for each experiment. In Experiment 1, the results revealed significant main effect on cue location [F(1,27)=50.629，p<.000，η2=.652] and the reaction time on uncued location (393.637±6.692) is significantly lower than cued location (406.687±6.789), which indicates significant IOR effect. The main effect on SOA [F(2,54)=127.434, p<.001, η2=.825] was significant and with the increase of SOA the reaction time decreased significantly. There was significant main effect on face configurations [F(2,54)=3.884，p=.027，η2=.126] either and the paired comparison showed that the reaction time on self-twist face ((366.2008±8.868)) was marginally faster than others’ neutral face (370.028±9.446), which means that attentional bias occurred on self-twist face. Furthermore, the reaction time on self-twist face was the fastest on cued location and the slowest on uncued location, which indicates the facilitated attention to self-twist face. As for the tests on the amounts of IOR among three face configurations, there was significant main effect on face configuration [F(2,54)=5.742，p=.005,η2=.175] and the paired comparison showed that the effect of IOR on self-twist was the most least among the three kinds of faces which means that self-twist may seize the resource of attention dramatically. In Experiment 2, there were also significant IOR main effect [F(1,21)=27.321，p<.000， η2=.565] and significant SOA main effect [F(2,42)=109.072,p<.000,η2=.839] on the