小学二年级学生汉语阅读知觉广度的眼动研究

摘要： 小学生阅读知觉广度是阅读发展心理学中的一个基本问题。本研究以Eyelink 1000 plus眼动仪为工具，采用2（年龄）×5（窗口）的两因素混合实验设计，考察小学二年级学生汉语阅读的知觉广度。结果显示，二年级学生的知觉广度为右侧1-2个汉字。二年级小学生快慢读者在眼动指标上存在差异，但未发现在知觉广度上存在差异。阅读能力测验与眼动指标存在显著的相关，此外小学二年级学生的阅读速度可以预测学业成绩。
Abstract: Perceptual span, which refers to the amount of information that can be acquired during a single fixation in reading (McConkie & Rayner,1975),provides the robust evidence of the efficiency of using parafoveal information.Chinese is a logographic language. There were studies which investigated the adults’ perceptual span of Chinese readers (Inhoff & Liu 1998; Pan, Yan, and Laubrock, 2017). There has been few studies to investigate the perceptual span of the second graders in Chinese primary school so far. The second grader is at the stage of learning to read, which is a critical period in reading development. The present study aims to provide the basic data to construct the reading model adapted to children and to supply pedagogical implication to teachers in the domain of teaching reading. The present study was 2(Grade:grade2,college students)×5(Window size:NP,L1R1,L2R2,L3R3,FL) mixed experiment design. Moving-window paradigm was used in this experiment. The Grade was between-participants design,while the window size was within-participant design.Participants were composed of 30 second graders recruited from a Tianjin elementary school and 25 undergraduates from a University in Tianjin. Six stories were made up with 60 sentences. They were chosen from different versions of Chinese textbook for grade two. Both the second graders and adult participants were asked to read the same materials. Reading fluency test and reading comprehension test were implemented for the second graders. Eyelink 1000 plus with a sampling rate of 1000HZ was used to record eye movement and to collect eye movement measures(reading rate, average fixation duration, rightward saccade amplitude). The result showed that grade 2 is more slower in reading speed compared to adults, and they have shorter rightward saccade amplitude and longer average fixation duration.The perceptual span for grade is 1-2 characters to the right of fixation. Using the median-split procedure to divide the primary students into faster readers (M=118 characters/minute)and slow readers (M=104 characters/minute) according to their reading speed in FL condition to explore the influence of reading speed on perceptual span. There is significant difference between the two groups in terms of reading speed (t=6.042, p<0.001).The result showed that the perceptual span for both groups is 1-2