上司人际公平如何影响员工工作结果：有中介的调节效应

摘要： 本文探讨了上司的人际公平怎样影响员工工作满意度和人际层面组织公民行为，以及这种影响何时更强或更弱。通过对237名在职人员调查，结果发现：（1）员工的上司信任在人际公平与工作满意度、人际层面组织公民行为之间具有部分和完全中介作用；（2）上司权力对人际公平效应具有调节作用：当上司权力较高时，人际公平显著影响员工对他的信任，进而影响工作满意度和人际层面组织公民行为；而当其权力较低时，人际公平的影响不明显。
Abstract: A great deal of previous research has showed that interpersonal justice demonstrated by supervisors generally has positive effects on employees’job satisfaction and citizenship behaviors that are directed at individuals (OCBI). To figure out how and when these effects happen, the current study examines the relationship between employees’perceptions of interpersonal justice and job consequences by focusing on the mediating role of employees’ trust in supervisor as well as the moderating role of supervisor’s power. As social exchange theory notes, employees build a social exchange relationship with their leaders. This type of relationship requires the exchange parties to trust and affiliate with each other. Employees’trust can be motivated by interpersonal fairness demonstrated by their supervisors. We hypothesize that employees’trust in their supervisors mediates the relationship between interpersonal justice and job satisfaction and OCBI. Moreover, according to fairness theory, a supervisor’s power is associated with accountability for the (un)fairness. High supervisory power means disproportionately possessing more resources, which enables a supervisor could treat others differently. This implies high-power supervisors are more accountable for their own interpersonal justice, while low-power supervisors are less likely to be responsible for the interpersonal justice because they may not be considered as actually controlling but instead as just following orders from higher bosses. Trust as a result of interpersonal justice is expected only when a supervisor has high power. Therefore, we predict a moderated mediation model in which for high-power supervisors, interpersonal justice has indirectly (via employees’trust in supervisor) impact on followers’job satisfaction and OCBI, but for low-power supervisors, these effects do not exist. In this study, measurements of employees’perception of interpersonal justice, trust in supervisor, supervisor’s power, job satisfaction and OCBI were obtained by means of a survey. 237 working adults (109 males, 128 females) from various fields who have a stable supervisor filled out the questionnaire. The average age was 31.09 years (SD = 6.91), and the average time spent on co-working with their own supervisor was 2.78 years (SD = 1.86). Using hierarchical linear regression analysis, we examined an