父母教养方式、同伴接纳和教师期望对小学生人格的影响

摘要： 以2150名小学生为被试，采用问卷法，探讨父母教养方式、同伴接纳、学生知觉教师期望与小学生人格发展的关系。结果发现：（1）父母教养方式民主性正向预测小学生人格外倾性、亲社会性的发展；（2）同伴接纳分别在父母教养方式民主性与小学生人格外倾性、亲社会性之间起中介作用；（3）学生知觉教师期望消极反馈调节了中介过程的前半路径，因此，同伴接纳是有调节的中介变量。
Abstract: Personality refers to those aspects of an individual that form the unique and stable psychological characteristics, an integrated system includes the ability to regulate, and natural tendencies and internal motivation that are based on biology and restrained by social living conditions. It plays a crucial role in individual life, being an important factor of individual health. Elementary school is an important period for the formation and development of personality. The ecology model of human development and the development context theory propose that individual development is the result of the interaction between the individual and the environment. Therefore, the development of pupils’ personality is inseparable from the family and school environment. Parenting style, one of the factors of the family environment, has a decisive influence on pupils’ personality. At the same time, with time in school increasing, peers and teachers also play a crucial role in pupils’ development. Recently, researchers have not only stressed the importance of family, teachers, peers and other factors of individual development, but have also paid increasing attention to the systemic effects of these factors, namely the interactive influence between different factors of individual development. Therefore, the primary purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship amongparenting style, peer acceptance, student perception of teacher expectations and pupils’ personality. A total of 2150 pupils were selected by using questionnaire in three elementary schools in Dalian. A moderated mediation model was constructed. In this model, peer acceptance mediated the relationship between parenting style and pupils’ personality. Meanwhile, the first half of the mediation path was moderated by the student perceptionof teacher expectations. The results showed the following: (1) the democratic measure of parenting style positively predicted the development of extraversion and pro-sociality of pupils’ personality(β=.09, t=4.01, p<.001;β=.08, t=3.90, p<.001). (2) Peer acceptance mediated the relationship between the democratic measure of parenting style and the extraversion of pupils’ personality(β=.10, t=2.93, p<.01;β=.06，t=4.40, p<.001). The first half of the mediation path was moderated by the negative feedback measure of student perception of teacher expectations