大学生人格特质与主观幸福感的关系：儒家心理资产的中介作用

摘要： 以308名大学生为被试，以《大五人格问卷》、《儒家心理资产问卷》、《生活满意度量表》和《积极消极情感量表》为工具，考察人格特质、儒家心理资产与主观幸福感的关系。结果表明：（1）五种人格特质与儒家心理资产的八个维度存在不同程度的相关；（2）儒家心理资产八个维度与主观幸福感的不同指标相关不同；（3）爱人、务民、崇德、学等儒家心理资产维度在人格特质与主观幸福感总分之间起部分中介作用。本研究是对《论语》管理智慧实证化的创新性尝试。
Abstract: McCrae and Costa (1999) distinguished between “basic tendencies” and “characteristic adaptations” in five-factor theory of personality. The five personality traits are basic tendencies, whereas habits, attitudes, interests, skills, beliefs, goals, expectations, relationships and plans are characteristic adaptation. Confucian Psychological Assets refer to those qualities that Confucianism values highly. According to adaptation characteristic, psychological assets fall into this category. A large body of literatures show that personality traits are closely connected with subjective well-being, including life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Work is needed that examines the relationship among personality traits, Confucian Psychological Assets, and subjective well-being. The purpose of the present study is to investigate: (1) the differential associations of personality traits and Confucian Psychological Assets in university students; (2) whether Confucian Psychological Assets are correlated with subjective well-being; (3) whether students’ Confucian Psychological Assets mediate the relationship between personality traits and subjective well-being. Participants were 308 students from university freshmen (mean age = 18.77 years, 209 females) recruited from Beijing. They were surveyed with questionnaires, including Big Five Inventory (John & Srivastava, 1999), Confucian Psychological Assets questionnaire (Li, Zhang, & Wang, 2012), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). The present study conducted exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and Sobel tests. Because all data were gathered from the same source at the same time, the extent of method variance were examined in the study. During the procedure of Harman’s one factor test, results of an exploratory factor analysis offered some indication that common method variance was not a serious problem in this study. The main findings were as follows: (1) in terms of personality traits and Confucian Psychological assets, extraversion was significantly positively correlated with advocating virtue and loving people; agreeableness with the eight dimensions; conscientiousness with the six dimensions except service for people and