计算机心理干预在物质成瘾中的应用

摘要： 针对物质成瘾者的计算机心理干预以传统心理干预理论为基础，通过计算机和网络对成瘾者进行干预。该方法通过提高成瘾者的自我效能感、应对技能、戒断动机等，达到帮助其戒断并预防复吸的目的。计算机心理干预对成瘾者虽有一定效果，但也存在一些问题，如其能否够弥补传统干预的不足，测量方法是否有效等。未来研究应进一步提高计算机干预的有效性，比较不同计算机干预方法对不同成瘾物质的适用性及有限性，并结合计算机干预与认知训练，推动计算机心理干预在物质成瘾中的应用。
Abstract: Abstract: The computerized psychology intervention is a primarily self-guided intervention program, which is executed by means of a prescriptive online program operated via the computer and used by addicts（Litvin, Abrantes, & Brown,2013）. The intervention programs are based on the face-to-face intervention theories and principles. The most commonly reported interventions are computerized cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), motivational enhancement therapy (MET), and contingency management (CM) among the interventions. All these interventions are effective in substance addicts, but there also exist some unresolved questions. Most computerized CBT only evaluate if it is effective or not in substance addicts, but not the acquisition of cognitive skills（Ritterband, Andersson, Christensen, Carlbring, & Cuijpers ,2006）. The computerized MET is easily acceptable for substance addicts, it emphasis more on one’s own role in the process of the intervention. The purpose of MET is to inspire the individual’s innate motivation to withdrawal, but substance addicts always lack innate motivation, so it makes MET more commonly used combining with other therapies, and hard to be an independent treatment program（Ondersma, Svikis, Thacker, Beatty&Lockhart,2014）. The computerized CM always associated with reward, which makes it cost higher and greatly restricts it’s implementation. To solve this problem, researchers used deposit contract in traditional CM intervention, researchers can still try to use this method in computerized CM（Dallery, Glenn, & Raiff,2007;Dallery & Raiff,2011）. The researchers evaluate the effectiveness of computerized psychology intervention for addiction on the basis of measured or self-reported client behavior and diagnostic indicators along with the changes in overall functioning and life satisfaction. Researches suggest that computerized interventions impact outcomes via similar potential mechanisms as in traditional interventions, with the exception of substance use outcomes being associated with changes in the quality of coping skills. The most frequent potential mechanisms detected were self-efficacy for tobacco abstinence and perceived peer drinking for alcohol abstinence. Generally, clinical professionals always integrate two or more kinds of interventions together to produce duplicate effect. Although