情绪的动机强度与工作记忆任务类型的协调性对自我控制任务的影响

摘要： 考察趋近动机强度不同的积极情绪和回避动机强度不同的消极情绪与工作记忆的协调性对自我控制任务的影响。结果发现，与高趋近动机的积极情绪、高回避动机的消极情绪以及中性情绪相比，在低趋近动机的积极情绪下完成言语工作记忆以及在低回避动机的消极情绪下完成空间工作记忆，工作记忆成绩提高，而Stroop分数降低，这表明情绪与工作记忆的协调性受到情绪动机强度的影响。
Abstract: Previous studies found that emotions selectively influence cognitive process. When emotions tuned a cognitive process that matched task demands, representing a state of alignment, performance improved. Whereas when emotions tuned a cognitive process that mismatched task demands, representing a state of misalignment, performance declined. Although some studies revealed the influence of withdrawal-motivated and approach-motivated affect on verbal and spatial working memory (WM), but few studies explore the influence of the motivational dimension of withdrawal-motivated and approach-motivated affect on the alignment of emotion and cognition. We adopted the self-control depletion paradigm to explore the influence of the alignment of emotional motivational intensity and WM task demands on the self-control task. Combinations of low and high approach\ withdrawal motivated emotions and WM task demands were used to create the conditions of emotion–cognition alignment or misalignment. Self-control resources are utilized on the first task under the condition of emotion–cognition misalignment , performance will be impaired on a second task. Hypothesis 1 is, a demand for self-control will decline for the low approach-motivated positive emotion–verbal WM task aligned conditions, saving self-control resources and improving performance on the second task. Hypothesis2 is, a demand for self-control will decline for the low withdrawal-motivated negative emotion–spatial WM task aligned conditions, saving self-control resources and improving performance on the second task . In Experiment 1 and 2, 156 participants (Experiment 1,71 males; Experiment 2, 75 males) were enrolled in each experiment. Three films were employed in Experiment 1, of which two films induced high or low approach-motivated positive affect respectively, as well as onefilm induced neutral affect. In experiment 2, two films induced high or low withdrawal-motivated negative affect respectively, and one film induced neutral affect. After viewing one film, participants rated their feelings using a 9-point scale. Then they were assigned to accomplish a verbal or spatial 2-back WM task. For the verbal task, the letter was compared with the letter presented two trials back, whereas for the spatial task, the location of the letter was compared with the location of the letter presented two trials back. Following the WM